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20101104财经频道陆梅《科技苑》蓖麻油价格视频

蓖麻的高产经值得念

    本期节目介绍了蓖麻的高产经--矮杆蓖麻的种植方法。蓖麻的含油量很高，在提倡环保的今天，它作为工业用油的市场需求量越来越大。（科技苑 2010年 第218期）蓖麻属大戟科多年生植物，在南方一般寿命在12年以上。第一年亩产蓖麻籽200公斤左右，第二年亩产蓖麻籽300—400公斤，第三年以后亩产蓖麻籽400公斤以上，通过精心管理每亩还可高产。蓖麻籽含有丰富的油脂和蛋白质，是生产聚脂、聚酰胺、油漆、涂料、油墨、印油等的重要原料；蓖麻油是重要的工业用油，广泛用于化工、轻工、纺织、航空、机械等工业，是飞机和高速机械最理想的润滑油，是动力皮带最佳的保护油；蓖麻叶、蓖麻根是生产医药品和农药的重要原料；蓖麻杆是造纸的好材料；蓖麻粕去毒后可做肥料或饲料。蓖麻浑身都是宝，种植蓖麻经济效益好。为了把蓖麻种植、销售、加工工作搞好，让农户有种有收有效益，特编印蓖麻种植技术资料，供种植蓖麻的农户学习、参考。

    蓖麻：市场抢手，潜力巨大。

    有一种农作物，它的含油量在所有油料作物中排第一，它能替代石油制作很多产品，是市场上的抢手货，很多企业拿着钱也买不到，可偏偏种植户却不爱种它，也有人为了提高它的产量而绞尽脑汁想办法。它就是——蓖麻。剥开蓖麻籽，只要一根火柴，轻轻一点就着了，换了其它油料作物，如花生、大豆，都不行，因为蓖麻籽里一多半都是油，我们国内的杂交品种含油率可以达到54%~56%。蓖麻的含油量在所有的油料作物里排第一，而且它的油还不是普通的油，而是经济价值很高的油、也是具有节能环保意义的油。

    蓖麻油具有超强的抗极限温度的能力，在-8~10℃的低温下不冰冻，不凝固，在500～600℃的高温下不变性，所以用它做成的高级润滑油，能部分替代石油产品，用于航空、航天等高精尖领域。用蓖麻油为原料合成的新材料制作成的管件，比用塑料做成的更结实，也更耐用，同样也是石油产品的替代品，是目前技术含量最高也最具市场价值的。同时，蓖麻的生长还不跟粮食作物争地，因为蓖麻的抗旱能力强，只要在出苗时不被旱死，就能有产量，而且蓖麻还能在偏盐碱的土里生长，也就是说，在不适合粮食作物生长的环境，如山坡、沟岭、盐碱地，蓖麻大多都可以正常生长。

    在提倡低碳经济的今天，作为新能源中的新贵，蓖麻的市场需求量正在增大。据中国农业工程学会蓖麻分会理事长，胡国胜介绍，光我国每年的蓖麻缺口就达到30万吨左右，相当于60~70万亩的种植面积，而随着社会需求的不断增加，这个差额也将越来越大。然而，由于蓖麻的亩产较低，平均只有不到100公斤，因此，尽管作为市场的紧缺商品，愿意种植它的人却不多。所以，要想既让企业有货源，农户又乐意种，关键得把亩产提上去。在山西省太原市，山西经作蓖麻研究所的刑先贵教授就让蓖麻的亩产翻了番，而且管起来还轻松了很多。
 
    高秆换矮秆，个头降一降，产量翻一番，省事又省心。

    刑先贵摸索了将近十年的蓖麻高产技术，今年见到了成效，在他位于太原市郊的示范田里，他种的蓖麻，一亩地能产300多公斤，也就是六七百斤的蓖麻籽，平均亩产超过了国内平均水平的几倍。这么高的产量是很多蓖麻种植户想都不敢想的。现在，我国蓖麻的平均亩产也就在150公斤上下，这个产量还不到邢先贵教授的一半，因为在蓖麻行业里闯了十几年，刑先贵教授可以说对全国蓖麻的生产情况了如指掌，他认为，农户的蓖麻产量偏低，主要原因就是品种落后，要想产量高，就得换品种，把目前的高杆品种换成矮秆的。

    除了亩产高，矮秆蓖麻的第二个优点，管起来不费劲。高杆蓖麻有个无限生长的特性，如果不管它，高秆蓖麻就会一个劲地长个，野生状态下能长到4米以上，成了一棵蓖麻树。只顾长个的蓖麻，用在开花结果的心思就少，当然产量就会很低。通过把高秆的蓖麻换成矮秆的，不仅产量增加了100多公斤，而且管起来也不费劲了，除了更换品种，刑先贵教授还有增加产量的绝招，控制花的性别。
 
    雌雄性别人可控，产量再增百公斤。

    刑先贵教授最让人惊奇的绝招，就是能让蓖麻多长雌花少长雄花，这个绝招又能让亩产增加100公斤。此外，有些农户往往因为用药过量，导致雄花都变成了雌花，这时只要不断地轻轻地把雌花拿掉，十几天以后，神奇的蓖麻就能新长出雄花了，农户也再不用担心雄花不够用的问题了。寻找可再生的植物能源，一直是社会的热点，蓖麻作为一种可部分替代石油的新能源，将会越来越受到重视，更可喜的是，像刑先贵教授这样的科技人员，用自己的智慧，清除了影响蓖麻产业发展的障碍，关注新能源，就是关心我们的明天。

 

 

20101104 Finance Channel LU Mei "Technology Garden " castor oil prices video

 

Castor should be read by high-yield

    In this program, introduced by high-yield castor - dwarf castor cultivation methods. Castor oil content is high, in promoting environmental protection today, the market as industrial oil demand is growing. (Technology Court, 2010 218) Euphorbiaceae Castor is a perennial, the general life in the South in 12 years. Castor bean 200 kg per mu in the first year or so, the second year of 300-400 kg per mu castor, the third year after more than 400 kilograms per mu castor bean, also through the careful management of high yield per acre. Castor beans are rich in fats and protein, the production of polyester, polyamide, paint, paint, ink, ink and other important raw materials; castor oil is an important industrial oil, widely used in chemical, light industry, textile, aviation, , machinery and other industries, is the best aircraft and high-speed machinery lubricants, the best protection is the driving force oil belt; castor leaves, the root is the production of castor pharmaceuticals and pesticides, an important raw material; Castor rod is a good paper material; castor meal to do after toxic fertilizers or feed. Ricin is full of treasures, planting castor good economic returns. In order to castor cultivation, marketing, processing good job, so farmers have received a kind of cost-effective, especially technical information published castor plant, castor farmers for cultivation of learning and reference.

Ricin: the market in demand, has great potential.

    There is a crop, and its oil content in the first row of all oil crops, it can replace oil production of many products, is a popular commodity on the market, many companies Na Zhaoqian not buy, but why farmers do not love can be kind of it was also to improve its production and racking their brains to find solutions. It is - ricin. Peel the studies, as long as a match, tap on with, and for the other crops, such as peanuts, soybeans, will not work, because more than half of all the oil in castor beans, our domestic oil yield hybrid varieties can be 54% ~ 56%. The oil content of castor oil crops in all ranked first, and its oil is not an ordinary oil, but high economic value of oil, but also has a significant energy saving oil.

    Castor oil has a powerful ability of anti-limit temperature at -8 ~ 10 ℃ low temperatures are not freezing, not freezing, in the 500 ~ 600 ℃ high temperature invariance, so use it made of advanced lubricants, partially replace petroleum products for aviation, aerospace and other sophisticated areas. Synthesized with castor oil as the new material into the tube, is more than made of solid plastic, more durable, is also a substitute for petroleum products is the highest and most current technology market value. At the same time, not with the growth of castor competing for food crops because of drought castor ability, as long as the emergence of death without being dry, you can have output, and also castor soil salinity in the partial growth In other words, the environment is not suitable for food crops, such as slopes, ditch Ling, saline, castor Most can grow normally.

    In promoting low-carbon economy today, as a new energy in the new darlings of the market demand is increasing ricin. According to the China Institute of Agricultural Engineering branch chairman of ricin, RESISTANCE WAR AGAINST JAPAN introduction, optical gap of each of ricin to reach 30 million tons, equivalent to 60 to 70 million mu of cultivated area, and with the increasing social demand, the difference will also be growing. However, due to lower per-mu yield castor, with an average of less than 100 kg, therefore, despite the shortage of commodities as the market is willing to not many people grow it. Therefore, in order not only to supply enterprises, farmers and willing to species, the key was the per-mu yield to the post. In Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, Shanxi Institute of punishment by making castor first let your professor turned mu castor fan, and pipe up and also a lot easier.
 
    For dwarf tall, tall down a drop, yield double save trouble and worry.

    Your first sentence almost a decade of castor explore high technology, this year saw the results, in his demonstration of the fields in the suburbs of Taiyuan, he planted the gourd, and an acre of land yields up more than 300 kilograms, which is six or seven hundred pounds of the studies, the average per-mu yield more than several times the national average. Such a high yield of castor farmers in many unthinkable. Now, the average per-mu yield of the castor also at 150 kilos, this production is less than half of Professor Xing Xiangui, because in the castor industry through a dozen years, the first sentence of your professors can say that the production of ricin across the country well aware of the situation, he believes that the low yield of castor farmers, the main reason behind is that species, to high yield, you have to change varieties, to replace the existing dwarf varieties of high pole.

    In addition to the high per-mu yield, the second advantage of dwarf castor, pipe up without difficulty. Ricin has a high pole unlimited growth characteristics, and if whether it will be kept to a long stalk ricin a wild state, can grow to 4 meters above the tree into a vine. Zhigu long months of castor, with the flowering of the mind will be less, of course, yields are low. Replaced by the tall dwarf castor, not only production increased more than 100 kilograms, and the tube up and no difficulty, in addition to the replacement of species, the first sentence of your professor's trick there is to increase production, control of flower sex.
 
    Male and female gender were controlled, production soared to one hundred kilograms.

    Professor of first sentence of your most amazing trick is to make castor long long female less male, the trick and allow an increase of 100 kg per mu. In addition, some farmers are often due to drug overdose, leading to male flowers have become a female, then female flowers gently removed continuously as long as ten days later, the magic of ricin can be a new male flowers grow, farmers are also re- male flowers are not enough to worry about the problem. Looking for renewable energy plants, has been the focus of society, can be used as a partial substitute for castor oil, new energy, will be more and more attention, more gratifying is that your first professor of punishment such as scientific and technical personnel, with their wisdom, removed obstacles to the development of the castor industry, attention to new energy sources, is concerned about our future.